All the individuals considered in this month's Currents in Modern Thought section belong to the interwar generation, though some spent part of their lives in pre-1914 Europe and others, ended their lives in the fifties, sixties, or, in the case of Michael Oakeshott, remain alive. What decisively marked their thinking and concerns was their experience of the Western world between the two great wars. Seeing the relatively stable Europe of the nineteenth and early twentieth century crumble soically and morally under the impact of total war, each of these thinkers spoke of a crisis at hand. Not all of them, however, defined the crisis in the same way or looked for similar solutions to what they perceived as the period of dislocation through which they were living. Kolnai, Spengler, Toynbee, Sorokin, and Oaksheott were preoccupied with general historical forces and with their time-boundedness. Simone Weil, by contrast, traced the cultural confusion of the age to man's alienation from divine being. Moreover, while Ortega y Gasset offered a specific prescription for the technicism and populist defiance of authority that he considered to be the causes of western instability, Spengler and Weil judged cultural and social problems ultimately to be beyond human control.
Essential to the views of all these thinkers, however, was the belief that the Western world had experienced an irreversible change in the early twentieth century. Whatever followed, their lives were to be profoundly different from the epoch into which they had been born. In his recollections, Toynbee noted how as a young boy he had seen Queen Victoria's army parading in the streets of London. Neither he nor the other spectators then could have imagined that a day would soon come when England's imperial glory would fade, in all probability,
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