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Tokyo and the Koreas
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14890 |
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Section : |
CURRENT ISSUES
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| Issue
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10 / 1988 |
2,101 Words |
| Author
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Hong N. Kim
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The security of South Korea has long been a matter of substantial importance to Japan, not just for military reasons but for a full range of political, economic, and cultural considerations. In the famous Nixon-Sato joint communiqué of 1969, Japanese Prime Minister Eisaku Sato declared that the security of the Republic of Korea (ROK) was "essential" to Japan's own security. Although Stato's successors have slightly modified the so-called Korea clause of the 1969 joint communiqué, such a modification in no way has changed the basic proposition that the security of Korea is vital to Japan's own security, for the obvious reason that the renewal of conflict in Korea would have a more serious impact on Japan that on any other Asian nation.
In view of its existing security arrangements with United States, Japan would be drawn into the conflict, either directly or indirectly. Further more, in view of the two Koreas' existing ties with the superpowers, such a conflict could escalate into a major nuclear confrontation imperiling Japan's security.
No less troublesome to Japanese conservative leaders is the prospect that a conflict might result in the conquest of the south by the North. The communization of South Korea would create serious problems for Japan, eliminating a valuable buffer zone between Japan and its potential adversaries and bringing the nation face to face with an unfriendly neighbor with more than one million men under arms. In short, a communist takeover of South Korea would entail drastic changes in Japan's strategic environment.
To be sure, a truly neutral, unified Korea not closely affiliated with any of the major powers would not necessarily constitute a threat to Japan. But this is at best a distant goal, one that cannot be realized until relations among the big powers and between the two Koreas change enough to make it possible. As the international situation surrounding the Korean peninsula is apparently at an impasse, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and other influential opinion makers believe that peaceful reunification of Korea cannot be achieved in the near future. Under the circumstances, the best policy is to promote peaceful coexistence between the two Koreas.
Three basic objectives have shaped Japan's recent Korea policy under Prime Ministers Yasuhiro Nakasone and Noboru Takeshita: 1) to promote Japanese-South Korean cooperation, especially for the success of the 1988 Seoul Olympics; 2) to induce North Korea to behave more constructively for regional peace and security; and 3) to help improve relations between the two Koreas and the four major powers (China, Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union).
Promoting Olympic Security
The Japanese government's official view on the 1988 Seoul Olympics was spelled out by Nakasone in September 1984. In a speech welcoming President Chun Doo Hwan to Japan, Nakasone stated that "the decision to hold the 1988 Olympics in Seoul is eloquent testimony to the Republic of Korea's international status." He added that he hoped the Games would be held "with the participation of all the nations in the world."
Japan has since been cooperating with South Korea in encouraging "all nations in the world" to participate. For example, during his visit
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